Characteristics of air flow over Andaman islands including precipitation     

Sarat C. Kar  N. Ramanathan 《Journal of Earth System Science》1987,96(2):169-188

The characteristics of simulated air flow over Andaman Islands are studied with a two-dimensional version of the University of Virginia meso scale model (UVMM). Using the observed synoptic data as initial conditions, 24 hr simulations are obtained for a day each in April and November. These days are chosen to study the variations in the simulated flow pattern under different synoptic conditions including precipitation effects. A large scale condensation scheme is employed to consider the effect of latent heat release on the perturbations. The results show that the latent heat released by condensation strengthens the intensity of perturbations and the topography accelerates the arrival of sea breeze by about an hour. The model-simulated results, given in graphical form, are discussed and compared with available observations.  相似文献   

Effects of onshore and offshore topography on sea breeze circulation: An observational study at eastern Attica,Greece     

M. Varvayanni  C. G. Helmis  G. T. Amanatidis  D. N. Asimakopoulos  J. G. Bartzis  A. Soilemes  K. H. Papadopoulos  H. D. Kambezidis 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1993,140(4):681-720

Field measurements of wind, air temperature and humidity were taken at the eastern part of the Attika district in June 1991, to examine the topographic influences exerted on the local sea breezes. These influences are due either to the elongated Evia island, faced by the northern half of Attica coastline some tens of kilometers offshore, or to the coast-parallel range of Hymettos mountain, rising steeply 12 km onshore. The instrumentation consisted mainly of three tethered meteorological balloons released at characteristic sires (i.e., the coast, a location between shoreline and mountain foot and the mountain top) and three autographic ground-based anemometers operating at selected locations. Data from the ground-based and upper air stations of the Hellenic National Meteorological Service, as well as the diurnal weather maps were also obtained and analyzed. Observations were made under different synoptic wind and the latter was found to determine remarkably the significance of the topographic effects. A preliminary two-dimensional numerical approach was also made concerning the sea breeze capability to reach the Hymettos mountain top in the case of a weak opposing geostrophic flow.  相似文献   

Observational and Numerical Study on the Influence of Large-Scale Flow Direction and Coastline Shape on Sea-Breeze Evolution     

Robert C. Gilliam  Sethu Raman  Dev Dutta S. Niyogi 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2004,111(2):275-300

In this study radar, surface observations and numericalsimulations are used to examine the inland penetrationand intensity of the sea breeze during various large-scaleflow regimes along the curved coastline of the Carolinas,U.S.A. The results clearly indicate that the flow directionrelative to the curved coastline has a significant effecton the sea-breeze evolution.Overall, during northerly flow regimes alongthe curved North Carolina coast, observationsand numerical simulations show that the sea-breezefront has a tendency to remain close to the south-facingcoast. During these same flow regimes the frontmoves further inland relative to the east-facingcoast. The sea-breeze front during westerly flowcases progressed further inland relative to the southcoast and less so from the east-facing coastline.South-westerly flow allows the sea breeze to moveinland from both coastlines but the coastal shapeinfluence makes the inland penetration less fromthe easterly facing beaches. During periods of lightonshore flow (south-east), the sea breeze movesconsiderable distances inland but is not discernableuntil later in the afternoon. The simulations indicatedthat the sea-breeze intensity is greatest (least) when thelarge-scale flow direction has an offshore (onshore)component. Model results indicate the existence of astrong front well inland in the late afternoon duringlight onshore flow. Also noted was that the simulatedsea-breeze front develops earlier in the afternoon duringoffshore regimes and later in the day as the large-scaleflow becomes more onshore. It is concluded that thecoastline shape and coast-relative flow direction areimportant factors in determining how the sea-breezecirculation evolves spatially.  相似文献   

The Kwinana Coastal Fumigation Study: III – Meteorological and Turbulence Modelling on Selected Days     

Peter J. Hurley  Ashok K. Luhar 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2000,94(1):115-138

The Kwinana Coastal Fumigation Study took place inearly 1995 at Kwinana near Perth in Western Australia.The study involved surface and elevated meteorologicaland plume fumigation measurements in sea-breeze flowsnear the coast, and has yielded a comprehensive dataset that is suitable for assessing meteorological andplume dispersion models. In this paper, wesimulate the meteorology and turbulence on four casestudy days, and compare model results with thedetailed surface and aircraft measurements takenduring the study. These days had surface synopticwinds ranging from southerly to northeasterly, witheither stable or near-neutral temperature profilesover the sea.The model used was based on that developed by Hurley(Boundary-Layer Meteorol. 83, 43–73, 1997), but extended here to allow domain nesting,optional non-hydrostatic simulations, and a vegetativecanopy at the surface. The model was forced bystandard weather service synoptic data, and thesimulations have captured the essential features ofthe strong sea-breeze circulation observed on thesedays. The boundary-layer structure over the sea waspredicted to be near-neutral or stable in agreementwith the observations on the particular day. The windspeed and direction in the sea-breeze flow weregenerally predicted well, although the predictedmaximum inflow speed over the land was a little toohigh. The potential temperature was generallyover-predicted, but temperature gradients agreed well.Predicted turbulence levels in the bottom-half of thethermal internal boundary layer compared well to theobservations, but under-estimated the observations inthe in the upper half of this layer. Near-surfacemeasurements of meteorological variables werepredicted well over the entire diurnal cycle, althoughthe predicted sea-breeze onset was generally tooearly. A quantitative model evaluation for thenear-surface sites showed the model performance to bebetter than that from other studies, with Index ofAgreement (IOA) values of 0.8 (wind speed) and 0.96(temperature), compared with values of 0.5–0.6 (windspeed) and 0.33 (temperature) obtained from otherstudies.The availability of new higher resolution synopticanalyses should obviate the lack of spatial andtemporal resolution in synoptic inputs. Theincorporation of these higher resolution synopticinputs and new parameterisation schemes should improvefuture model performance.  相似文献   

京津冀地区与海风锋相互作用的对流系统的发展预判分析     

梁钊明  高守亭  王东海  王彦 《气象学报》2014,72(1):116-132

运用WRF模式,对京津冀地形触发对流系统与海风锋相互作用的两个个例开展了数值模拟,通过对两个个例模拟的广义湿位涡异常和雷达回波分布的对比分析,对广义湿位涡异常预判该类天气过程中对流系统发展的潜力进行了检验。分析结果显示,广义湿位涡异常较雷达回波提前0.5至1 h示踪到山地背风坡和海风锋处的对流系统的发展。斜压与水汽梯度相互作用和非绝热加热对广义湿位涡异常提前示踪山地背风坡和海风锋处对流系统发展有重要的贡献。过山气流的显著扰动和午后相对于陆地大气较为冷湿的海风辐合上升是分别造成山地背风坡和海风锋出现明显的斜压与水汽梯度相互作用的主要原因。  相似文献   

中国黄海西岸海陆风循环结构研究          下载免费PDF全文

Yongxiang Ma  Jinyuan Xin  Xiaoling Zhang  Lindong Dai  Klaus Schaefer  Shigong Wang  Yuesi Wang  Zifa Wang  Fangkun Wu  Xinrui Wu  Guangzhou Fan 《大气和海洋科学快报》2021,14(1):14-21

陆海风是由于海陆表面之间的比热容不同而导致的昼夜热量分布差异,从而在海岸附近引发的大气中尺度循环系统.本文利用多普勒风激光雷达Windcube100s首次对黄海西海岸的海陆风的循环结构进行了观测研究.在2018年8月31日至9月28日观测期间发现,海陆风发展高度一般在700 m至1300 m.海陆风转化持续的时间为6小时至8小时.在425m高度,海风水平风速出现最大值,平均为5.6 m s-1.陆风最大水平风速出现在370m,约为4.5 m s-1.最大风切变指数在1300m处,为2.84;在陆风向海风转换过程中,最大风切变指数在700m处,为1.28.在同一高度上,风切变指数在海风盛行和陆风盛行时的差值范围为0.2-3.6,风切变能反映出海陆风的发展高度.  相似文献   

气象因子和海风对秦皇岛市臭氧污染的影响     

周士茹  宋金妹  陆倩  郭鸿鸣  赵玉广  高艳春 《气象与环境学报》2021,37(2):64-70

利用2017年9月至2019年9月秦皇岛市环境监测站污染物浓度资料以及秦皇岛市国家基本气象站和浮标站的气象数据,统计分析了秦皇岛市O₃污染特征以及气象因子和海风对秦皇岛市O₃污染的影响。结果表明：秦皇岛市O₃污染月变化特征表现为以5—6月和9月最为严重,10—12月和1—2月则无O₃超标天气出现。O₃污染的日变化特征表现为单峰型分布,午后O₃浓度最高而清晨O₃浓度最低。有利于秦皇岛市出现O₃污染的气象条件为太阳辐射强度850—950 W·m^-2、日最高气温高于32℃、无降水和相对湿度50%—60%、受SW和SSW风影响。秦皇岛市海风以6—8月最多,出现频率达50%以上,海风多在上午08—10时开始出现,午后12—15时达到最大,傍晚以后减弱结束;5—6月和8—9月有海风日的O₃-8h平均浓度均高于无海风日,且5月、6月和9月有海风日的O₃-8h月平均浓度高达155—166 μg·m^-3,海陆风环流对秦皇岛市的O₃污染有加重的影响。  相似文献   

Analytic study of sea-land breezes     

K. Young  Zhang Ming 《大气科学进展》1999,16(2):263-278

1.IntroductionSea---landbreezesaremesoscale,secondarycirculationsforcedbythermalgradients,andtypicallyoccurunderconditionsofweakprevailingbackgroundwinds.Inthedaytime,theland,withasmallerheatcapacity,heatsupmorethanthesea.Asaresult,theairabovetheland...  相似文献   

长江三角洲夏季海陆风与热岛环流的相互作用及城市化的影响   总被引：37，自引：12，他引：25  

苗曼倩  唐有华 《高原气象》1998,17(3):280-289

用三维中尺度模式研究长江三角洲夏季海陆风与城市热岛环流的相互作用,白天由于东海海风和太湖湖风环流与上海市热岛环流相互增强,最大垂直速度可达６．２ｃｍ／ｓ;夜间则相反,由于海风（包括长江江风）与湖风的对撞,因而在上海到江阴市沿江出现一条水平辐合带,如果上海周围地区随着经济发展,大片农田被城市下垫面所取代,而使绿地覆盖率下降到１５％以下,则睡季夜间地面气温可上升３℃,两个增温中心分别在苏州和嘉兴附近,  相似文献   

鄱阳湖影响过湖对流强度的数值模拟及机理分析     

陶雅琴  闵锦忠  徐渊  朱利剑 《热带气象学报》2024,(1):101-114

湖陆下垫面的非均匀性对强对流天气的发展演变有很大的影响。鄱阳湖是我国最大的淡水湖,湖面积具有明显的月变化和季节变化,而模式中的下边界一般默认湖面积不变,这与实际情况的差异较大,必然带来模式预报误差。利用WRF模式对夏季夜间发生在鄱阳湖地区的一次强对流天气过程进行数值模拟,并通过湖面积变化的敏感性试验,深入研究鄱阳湖对强对流天气发展演变的影响及其机理,结果表明：夏季夜间湖面上空2 m温度明显高于陆面,向湖陆风在湖面上空辐合上升,岸边则存在下沉辐散气流。这导致降水在湖西岸减弱、湖上空增强。随后用去湖敏感性试验印证了鄱阳湖的暖湖效应,湖泊的存在能够通过激发陆风次级环流对湖西岸（湖面）上空降水起抑制（促进）作用。去湖试验的降水在湖西岸增强20%,在湖面上空减弱16%,体现出湖泊对降水强度的重要影响。此外,还发现湖面积扩大1.5、2.5、3.5、4.0倍的扩湖敏感性试验的降水在湖面上空分别增幅7%、16%、30%、43%,进一步证实了强对流强度对鄱阳湖面积变化较为敏感。这指示我们在预报夏季夜间穿湖而过的强对流天气时,应重点关注其可能存在的入湖前减弱、入湖后增强的变化趋势。同时,在利用数值模式模拟湖区强对流天气过程时,如果湖面积与模式中默认的湖面积相差较大,则应考虑将实际湖面积引入模式下边界,以期提升模式对于湖区对流的预报能力。  相似文献